Electro absorption electro absorption is another technique that can be used to modulate light. An electro absorption modulator eam is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. The modulator consists of a ring resonator coupled to a single waveguide. Rp photonics encyclopedia electroabsorption modulators. Waveguide based electroabsorption modulator performance. May 30, 2008 a waveguideintegrated gesi electroabsorption modulator on silicon with an ultralow energy consumption of 50 fj1bit is presented.
Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue. Recent developments of low driving voltage and high modulation efficiency electroabsorption modulators eams ahmed nabih zaki rashed. Jul, 2015 scientists have realized a graphene electrooptic modulator operating with a 30 ghz bandwidth and with a stateoftheart modulation efficiency of 1. Wai 3 1 photonics research centre, department of electrical engineering, the hong kong polytechnic. More particularly, the invention relates to a driving circuit for an electro absorption optical modulator for outputting intensitymodulated signal light by receiving carrier light from a light source and absorbing the carrier light in dependence upon driving voltage. Recent progress in gesi electroabsorption modulators. Infotonics technology center, 5450 campus drive, canandaigua, ny 14424. Taken together both describe the modulator physical behavior entirely. Electro absorption modulator integrated laser module all specifications described herein are preliminary features electro absorption modulator integrated with a 1550 nm mqw dfb laser 10 gbps suitable for oc, electro absorption modulator integrated dfb laser module is designed for sonet oc192 sdh stm64 and dwdm, 26 db 10 db optical. Wang oregon state university, school of electrical engineering and computer science, corvallis, oregon, united states abstract. A waveguideintegrated gesi electroabsorption modulator on silicon with an ultralow energy consumption of 50 fj1bit is presented. The schematic of the electrooptic modulator is shown in fig.
Hybrid graphenesilicon based polarizationinsensitive electroabsorption modulator with highmodulation ef. Pdf electroabsorption modulator with an asymmetric coupled. Electroabsorption modulators used for alloptical signal processing and labelling. Compact slowlight electroabsorption modulator laterally. An optical source is split and fed to each of the eams. The working principle behind bulk ge electro absorption modulators is the franzkeldysh fk effect according to which an applied electric field causes bandtilting thereby increasing the absorption coefficient in the weakly absorbing regime 2. Ultracompact and broadband electroabsorption modulator.
Performing organization names and addresses university of california at san diego 9500 gilman dr. It is worthwhile to look at the chirp properties and investigate if. The transmission of the waveguide is highly sensitive to the signal wavelength and is greatly reduced at wavelengths in which. Neuromorphic photonics with electroabsorption modulators. Pdf cascading of dual drive mach zehnder modulator and. Oct 04, 20 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Broadband 20 gbits graphenesi electro absorption modulator chiara alessandri 12, inge asselberghs1, yoojin ban1, steven brems, cedric huyghebaert, joris van campenhout1, dries van thourhout2 and marianna pantouvaki1 1 imec,kapeldreef 75, 3001 leuven, belgium chiara. Coldren b a apogee photonics, 6580 snow drift road, suit 100, allentown, pa.
Electroabsorption modulators based on the device geometry of fig. Electro absorption modulator songsheng tan a, nancy stoffel a, charles shick a, terrance mcdonald a, al whitbeck a, reinhard erdmann b, richard j michalak b, rebecca bussjager b, ivan shubin c, paul k. Applications of electro absorption modulators figs. Materials used in these modulators can be conveniently integrated with the laser diode. A tutorial introduction to optical modulation techniques. Investigations on 10 gbps electro absorption modulator. Compared to electro refraction, electro absorption typically allows a more compact and lower driving voltage optical modulator 12. Electroabsorption modulated laser structures a seemingly simple transmitter pic is an electroabsorption modulated laser eml which basically represents the monolithic integration of two different elements. Ultrathin ultrabroadband electroabsorption modulator. Recent progress in gesi electro absorption modulators. Multiquantum well mqw electroabsorption modulators eams are attractive for applications requiring signal modulation at high speed and with.
Us5930022a driving circuit for electroabsorption optical. Transparent conductive oxides tcos have emerged as materials for nanoscale. Performance analysis of electroabsorption modulatorbased. Air force research laboratory sndp, 25 electronic pkwy. Particular embodiments may employ a single differential electrical driver supplying complementary positive and negative voltage signals to two respective eams. Itobased electroabsorption modulator for photonic neural. Wide open eye diagrams are demonstrated at 1610 nm operation wavelength for nonreturntozero onoff keying nrzook. The device is fabricated on a standard silicononinsulator platform through the integration with a 3. What does electroabsorption modulator actually mean. Analysis of multiquantum well electroabsorption modulators. Operating in the spectral range of 15391553 nm, the cmos. Sorger1, 1department of electrical and computer engineering, george washington university, 800 22nd st.
The external modulator exmod is modeled in terms of a small signal equivalent circuit model, as shown in figure 7. Disclosed is a driving circuit for an electroabsorption optical modulator for outputting intensitymodulated signal light by receiving carrier light from a light source and absorbing the carrier light in dependence upon a driving voltage. We report waveguideintegrated ge electroabsorption modulators operating at 1615nm wavelength with 3db. Waveguidebased electroabsorption modulator performance. Excitonic electroabsorption stark effect nexcitonic effects gives rise to a steplike rise in absorption spectra nformation of excitons manifests themselves as a series of sharp resonances near the bandgap energy nformed in very pure semiconductors at low temperatures nexcitons can be very easily field ionized. This component employs either the franzkeldysh effect fke or the quantumcon.
An electroabsorption modulator eam is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. Electroabsorption electroabsorption is another technique that can be used to modulate light. The working principle behind bulk ge electroabsorption modulators is the franzkeldysh fk effect according to which an applied electric field causes bandtilting thereby increasing the absorption coefficient in the weakly absorbing regime 2. Electroabsorption modulator integrated laser module all specifications described herein are preliminary features electroabsorption modulator integrated with a 1550 nm mqw dfb laser 10 gbps suitable for oc, electroabsorption modulator integrated dfb laser module is designed for sonet oc192 sdh stm64 and dwdm, 26 db 10 db optical. Integrated transmitter devices on inp exploiting electro. Osa 56 gbs germanium waveguide electroabsorption modulator. Here we show a holistic performance analysis for waveguidebased electro absorption modulators. Such ad hoc modulator designs, however, leave a universal design for these novel material classes of devices missing. Embodiments are directed to an electrooptical component, and in particular to a differential electro ab sorption driver. The mobile carrier density in the ito film is controlled using a postanneal treatment to tune its. This paper reports the performance analysis of multiwavelength converter based on electroabsorption modulator at 10 gbs.
Scientists have realized a graphene electrooptic modulator operating with a 30 ghz bandwidth and with a stateoftheart modulation efficiency. Electroabsorption modulator ii device configuration. Graphene electrooptic modulator with 30 ghz bandwidth. Highspeed travelingwave electroabsorption modulators bowers. Modulation bandwidths extending into the gigahertz range are possible with the use of lasercontrolled modulators. Investigations on 10 gbps electro absorption modulator based. Hybrid siliconconductive oxide plasmonic electroabsorption. We experimentally demonstrate a broadband electroabsorption modulator exploiting indium tin oxide ito as the active switching material. Here we execute a holistic performance analysis for waveguidebased electro absorption modulators and use the performance metric switching energy per unit bandwidth speed. When coupled withload resistance rloadmust be large enough to to produce a voltage in the operating range of the electro absorption. Our approach centers around material properties revealing.
Dc bias for the eams is provided at a common node in the middle. The studies carried out on the electroabsorption modulator as part of the project have been so far limited to amplitude modulation ono. Here we demonstrate an electro absorption modulator based on an indium tin oxide layer, whose dynamic range is used as nonlinear activation function of a photonic neuron. Concise rf equivalent circuit model for electroabsorption. Extraordinary control of terahertz beam reflectance in. Verticalcavity surfaceemitting lasers with vertically integrated electro absorption modulators eamvcsels potentially can reach higher modulation bandwidths than directly currentmodulated vcsels. In the externally modulated links, the optical transmitter is based on a laser power source, typically a solidstate laser, such as ndyag followed by a machzehnder modulator or an electroabsorption modulator. Although the modeling allows for the possibility of a compact electroabsorption modulator,14 the poor electrical isolation between a vcsel and a modulator caused noticeable changes in. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from band. In this paper, we report an ultracompact, broadband electroabsorption eamodulator using anepsilonnearzero enz indiumtin oxide ito. Electroabsorption modulator vertically integrated on a. The photodiode is coupled to the modulator with a reverse bias either either by a currenttovoltage convertingresistiveload, rload,a,atiab,ordirectlycouplingtothe modulator as a capacitive load c.
Importantly, this device is monolithically integrated on a silicon substrate, which. Optical signal processing using electroabsorption modulators. The singlelayer graphene was transferred onto a sio 2psi substrate. Embodiments are directed to a driver circuit for an electroabsorption modulator eam.
The other common method uses electro absorption ea modulators, usually a semiconductor material that can be switched between transmissive and opaque states to provide the onoff transitions. An electroabsorption modulator or electroabsorption modulator is a semiconductor device which can be used for controlling modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage intensity modulators. When coupled withload resistance rloadmust be large enough to to produce a voltage in the operating range of the electroabsorption. Design and development of a p ackage for a diluted waveguide electroabsorption modulator songsheng tan a, nancy stoffel a, charles shick a, terrance mcdonald a, al whitbeck a, reinhard erdmann b, richard j michalak b, rebecca bussjager b, ivan shubin c, paul k. Jul 18, 2017 this paper reports the performance analysis of multiwavelength converter based on electro absorption modulator at 10 gbs. When a reverse bias is applied to a quantumwell qw eam, the absorption of the device changes due to the quantumconfined stark effect. Its principle of operation is based on the franzkeldysh effect, i. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from bandedge absorption spectra of bulk, quantumwell, and quantumwellintermixed ingaasp structures gordon b. Hybrid graphenesilicon based polarizationinsensitive. Us98385b1 differential electroabsorption modulator. The electroabsorption properties and starkshift of 1. Wideband electroabsorption modulator for analog applications 5c. In this article, a fewlayered graphenedielectric multilayer metamaterial electrooptic modulator has been proposed in the mid and far infrared range that works on electroabsorption mechanism. This invention relates to a driving circuit for an electro absorption optical modulator.
The driving circuit includes a driving unit for applying a pulsed driving voltage to an electroabsorption optical modulator, and a variable impedance unit. It, thus, becomes critical to optimize their access line to improve. In the externally modulated links, the optical transmitter is based on a laser power source, typically a solidstate laser, such as ndyag followed by a machzehnder modulator or an electro absorption modulator. Swillam, hybrid plasmonic electrooptical absorption modulator based on epsilonnearzero characteristics of ito, in integrated optics. Find out inside pcmag s comprehensive tech and computerrelated encyclopedia. Pdf ultrathin ultrabroadband electroabsorption modulator. Professor,3 professor department of electronics and communication engineering, punjabi university patiala. In this article, a fewlayered graphenedielectric multilayer metamaterial electro optic modulator has been proposed in the mid and far infrared range that works on electro absorption mechanism. Broadband 20 gbits graphenesi electro absorption modulator. The aforementioned device modulation capabilities are, however, currently restricted by their electrical contact parasitics. Change optical path length with applied electric field. Waveguideintegrated, ultralowenergy gesi electroabsorption. Electroabsorption modulators based on bulk gan films and.
The top and bottom metal contacts were employed to tune the graphene conductivity. Our approach centers around material properties revealing obtainable optical absorption leading to effective modal crosssection, and material broadening effects. Electro absorption modulated laser structures a seemingly simple transmitter pic is an electro absorption modulated laser eml which basically represents the monolithic integration of two different elements. Electroabsorption modulator ii device configuration youtube. An electrooptic modulator eom is an optical device in which a signalcontrolled element exhibiting an electrooptic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. Compared to electrorefraction, electroabsorption typically allows a more compact and lower driving voltage optical modulator 12. Devices, materials, and technologies xxii international society for optics and photonics, 2018, vol. Simulation of traveling wave electroabsorption modulators. Hybrid siliconconductive oxideplasmonic electroabsorption modulator with 2v swing voltage qian gao, erwen li, bokun zhou, and alan x. We report a germanium waveguide electroabsorption modulator with electrooptic bandwidth substantially beyond 50 ghz. Investigations on 10 gbps electro absorption modulator based wavelength converter harpreet kaur1st, mrs. We report a germanium waveguide electro absorption modulator with electro optic bandwidth substantially beyond 50 ghz. High speed electroabsorption modulators in generic integration. Electronic absorption spectroscopy classical view according to the classical theory discussed previously, the dynamics of an electron in an atom are governed by its natural fiequency oo.
The electroabsorption modulator eam is a photonics component which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. An electro optic modulator eom is an optical device in which a signalcontrolled element exhibiting an electro optic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. Electroabsorption modulator performance predicted from. Us98385b1 differential electroabsorption modulator eam. Wide open eye diagrams are demonstrated at 1610 nm operation wavelength for nonreturntozero onoff keying nrzook modulation at data. Electro optic modulation nchange optical path length with applied electric field. Infotonics technology center, 5450 campus drive, canandaigua, ny 14424 b. The formation of electronhole pairs excitons in the quantum well enhances the absorption. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. This paper reports on the design of an opticalpulse source at a 40gbs repetition rate integrating a single electroabsorption modulator eam sinusoidally driven by a 40ghz lowpower mmic.
A new scheme for generatinga flat optical frequency comb using three laser sourcesbased on cascading of dual drive mach zehnder modulator ddmzm and electro absorption modulator eam through an optical nonlinear fiber loop is explored in this. The nonlinear activation mechanism is based on a photodiode, which integrates the weighed products, and whose photovoltage drives the elecro absorption modulator. Maldonado department of electrical engineering the uni y ersity of texas at arlington arlington, texas 1 3. Electroabsorption modulators university of notre dame. Structure of the graphene electroabsorption modulator and operating principle.
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