Interactive layered flip book requires by 11 paper includes. The structure and material construction of the earths crust as sketched above can be considered reliable based on the analysis of the seismic waves and of the results of geo. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The atmosphere and earth the atmosphere consists of layers of gases that surround the earth.
The vertical structure of earths atmosphere is described by its composition, and the. Earth s atmosphere is composed of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 0. These quantities also vary with season and location in latitude and longitude, as well as from night to day. This gaseous cover of the earth is known as the atmosphere.
The height of this layer is about 18 km on the equator and 8 km on the poles. Plants require carbon dioxide to survive while animals and many other organisms need oxygen for their survival. Jun 16, 2015 at the time of the earth s formation around 4. Composition and structure of the atmosphere zaitseva nina. The structure of the atmosphere is described in the next section. Compare the composition, properties and structure of earths atmosphere to include mixture of gases and differences in temperature and. Units of presure are nm 2, where nnewtonforce required to accelerate a1 kg mass 1 ms 2. The lower boundary of the atmosphere is considered to lie on earth s surface, the upper boundary is the gradational transition into space.
Aurorae shown here at the bottom of the thermosphere can actually form at any altitude in this atmospheric layer. The stratosphere extends up to around 48 km above thethe stratosphere extends up to around 48 km above the surface, and together with the troposphere, theysurface, and together with the troposphere, they account for 99. Earth s atmosphere protects us from incoming space projectiles comets, asteroids that burn up before reaching the planet s surface, and blocks harmful short wavelength radiation from the sun. The troposphere is the lowest level of earths atmosphere and extends from the surface to about 14. The thickness of the atmosphere is only about 2% of earth s thickness earth s radius 6500km.
The atmosphere of earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet earth and is retained by earth s gravity. Gravity pushes the layers of air down on the earth s surface. Structure of the atmosphere north carolina climate office. Troposphere 0 to 12 km contains 75% of the gases in the atmosphere. The atmosphere can be divided into four layers on the basis of their thermal characteristics. With its immense heat energy, the inner core is like the engine room of the earth. Because the atmosphere is composed of the lightest elements gravitationally attracted to the earth, many assume that it has little or no mass. A view of the earth from space, looking from orbit beyond the exosphere, down through the layers of the thermosphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere, at a thick cloud layer topping the troposphere in the 1800s. Maasch institute for quaternary studies and department of geological sciences university of maine, 5711 boardman hall orono, me 044695711 the earth is surrounded by a gaseous envelope called the atmosphere. Earths atmosphere the atmosphere is the thin envelope of gas molecules surrounding the earth. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought. The structure of the earths atmosphere earths atmosphere is divided into layers based mainly on temperature, but on other physical properties such as density, air pressure, and temperature as well. Troposphere region of mixing nearest the surface, 5 to 10 miles high depending upon locationweather higher near equator and in summer, lower near poles and in.
The stratosphere is the second of earth s layers of the atmosphere and extends for. Greenhouse effect and the ir radiative structure of the earth. Thermosphere the thermosphere is next and the air is very thin here. A basic property of the atmosphere is that it consists of several important layers. The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlie the ocean basins 510 km and are composed of dense iron magnesium silicate igneous rocks, like basalt. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur at plate boundaries.
This science unit is designed to teach all about the earths atmosphere as a part of the environment science. The stratosphere is the second of earths layers of. It envelops the earth all round and is held in place by the gravity of the earth. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere clear ias. The atmosphere can be divided into five layers according to the diversity of temperature and density. The air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. Once assembled your students will love that it will actually look like the layers of the atmosphere lined up in the order from the earth. Structure of the atmosphere understanding weather and climate aguado and burt 12008 version atmo 0 definitions atmosphere the gases, droplets and particles surrounding the earths surface.
The crust is made up of tectonic plates, which are in constant motion. Earth s atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and a 1percent mixture of minor gases dominated by argon. Because of the shallowness of the atmosphere, its motions over large areas are primarily horizontal. Like land lithosphere and water hydrosphere, the atmosphere is an integral part of the earth. Climatology the science that studies longterm atmospheric. The atmosphere of earth its structure and composition. Composition and structure of the atmosphere composition evolution vertical structure ess5 prof. As solar radiation strengthened, more advanced organisms formed to accelerate the rate of weathering. The air has a special place among the conditions necessary for life. Summarize the structure and composition of our atmosphere. Pressure is a force per unit area exerted by the weight of air above about 1 kgcm 2 or 14. This%text%is%derivative%from%content%onwindows%to%the%universe% 2010,% national%earth%science%teachers%association. Earth s atmosphere lower 4 layers of the atmosphere in 3 dimensions as seen diagonally from above the exobase. Weather and climate the structure of the atmosphere surrounding the earth is a gaseous envelope or atmosphere, held in place by the planets gravitational attraction.
The structure and material construction of the earth s crust as sketched above can be considered reliable based on the analysis of the seismic waves and of the results of geo chemical investigations. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere. Compared to the earths radius, the atmosphere appears to be only a very thin layer of gases. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5500c. Oxygen is needed by animals to breathe and carbon dioxide is used by plant in photosynthesis. The atmosphere contains various gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. Layers of the atmosphere worksheet the atmosphere merges. Jul 24, 2018 climatology composition and structure of the atmosphere pdf explain the structure of atmosphere with diagram.
The atmosphere is made up of mostly nitrogen 78% and oxygen 21%. The coriolis force is stronger if more rapid rotation. Compared to the earths radius, the atmosphere appears to be only a very thin. Compare the composition, properties and structure of earth s atmosphere to include mixture of gases and differences in temperature and pressure within layers. It goes all the way to 10,000 km above the earths surface. The earths atmosphere plays a decisive role in supporting the various life forms on earth. Structure of atmosphere layers of the atmosphere, functions. It contains lifegiving gases like oxygen for humans and animals and carbon dioxide for plants. The atmosphere can be heated upwards only from the earths surface. Atmosphere composition and structure notes the domain of air on the earth geography 9 atmosphere composition and structure earth is a unique planet because the life is found only on this planet. Dynamic processes cover a large range of scales from the microscopicscale. The atmosphere can be divided into vertical layers.
Lets find out where these layers are located in relation to the earths surface and how they are affected by temperature. The computations were performed for the us standard atmosphere used in 4 and for an average martian atmosphere used in 6. Atmospheric layers earths atmosphere is made up of layers that have distinct characteristics. The earths atmosphere is composed of a layer of gases that encase the planet and that are constrained by gravitational forces. Earths atmosphere protects us from incoming space projectiles comets, asteroids that burn up before reaching the planets surface, and blocks harmful short wavelength radiation from the sun. Definitions of the terms in the diagram below similar definitions are given in the glossary, and will replace this list when it is replaced by a detailed discussion of the various regions in the earths atmosphere. Layers drawn to scale, objects within the layers are not to scale. These include argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, hydrogen, and more.
It is the size of the planet and speed of rotation and a lesser extent, the depth of the atmosphere which determines how many of these are created. Composition and structure of the earths atmosphere. Now it is clear that atmosphere starts from earth surface but scientists have different views about its maximum height. Jet streams, earths energy balance, ozone layer links to national science education standards. A standard atmosphere and average typical of a mid latitude. Composition and structure of the atmosphere uci ess. The lower boundary of the atmosphere is considered to lie on earths surface, the upper boundary is the gradational transition into space. Structure the atmosphere is divided into layers according to major changes in temperature. As we all know very well that life could not exist without the atmosphere. Earths atmosphere lower 4 layers of the atmosphere in 3 dimensions as seen diagonally from above the exobase. The temperature structure of the atmosphere is such that it is often considered to be stratified in the vertical into several layers. When the earth becomes cool enough, moisture condenses and accumulates, and the oceans are born. On the basis of information provided by radars, balloons, rockets, satellites at present large number of scientists agree on a point that the height of atmosphere is 29000 kilometer and layer upto 800 kilometer is considered as important part of atmosphere.
In the semitransparent planetary atmospheres above the olr s were computed as the sums of the transmitted flux density, s t, and the atmospheric upward emittance, e u. The structure of the earth the earth consists of four concentric layers. The internal structure of earth is layered in spherical shells. Structure of atmosphere with diagram earth geography. There are lots of other gases that are part of the atmosphere, but in much smaller amounts.
It helps in stopping the ultraviolet rays harmful to the life and maintains the suitable temperature necessary for life. Climatology composition and structure of the atmosphere. Climatology composition and structure of the atmosphere pdf. The 2 most abundance gases found throughout all the layers are oxygen and nitrogen. Gravity pushes the layers of air down on the earths surface. Dec 31, 2015 atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. A view of the earth from space, looking from orbit beyond the exosphere, down through the layers of the thermosphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere, at a thick cloud layer topping the troposphere. The earths atmosphere is a complex dynamical, physical, and chemical system. Troposphere region of mixing nearest the surface, 5 to 10 miles high depending upon locationweather higher near equator and in summer, lower near poles and in winter. The atmosphere is concentrated at the earths surface and rapidly thins as you move upward, blending with space at about 100 miles above sea level. Jet streams, earth s energy balance, ozone layer links to national science education standards.
The vertical structure of earth s atmosphere is described by its composition, and the. We commonly think of gas molecules as moving about in a completely random manner, but the earths gravitational field causes downward motions to be very slightly favored so that the molecules in any thin layer of the air collide more frequently with those in the layer below. Greenhouse effect and the ir radiative structure of the. It is believed to have come into existence as aprobably no atmosphere. Atmosphere our planet earth is enveloped by a deep blanket of gases extending several thousands of kilometres above its surface. Thickness of the atmosphere most of the atmospheric mass is confined in the lowest 100 km above the sea level. The structure of the earth the earth is made up of four distinct layers. Note that the atmosphere is practically transparent to black body radiation emitted at temperatures typical of the sun. A standard atmosphere and average typical of a mid latitude location exerts a pressure of 101,325 pa at sea level. The thickness of the atmosphere is only about 2% of earths thickness earths radius 6500km.
The earths atmosphere is divided up into 5 major layers. Similar definitions are given in the glossary, and will replace this list when it is replaced by a detailed discussion of the various regions in the earth s atmosphere. Attempt has been made to cover various points from different layers of atmosphere to the greenhouse effect. The troposphere is the lowest level of earth s atmosphere and extends from the surface to about 14. The atmosphere extends from the earths surface up to thousands of kilometres above the ground. Traveling from the surface of the planet upward, the major layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Meteorology the science that studies the atmosphere and its processes. The unit adopted by the national weather service is the millibar mb 1 mb 100 pa standard sea level pressure 10. Life played little role in chemical weathering and carbon cycle in early earths history the first 4by. All of these trace gases have important effects on earth. Jinyi yu thickness of the atmosphere most of the atmospheric mass is confined in the lowest 100 km above the sea level. Earths atmosphere divides into 3 cells per hemisphere. Layers of the earths atmosphere worksheet includes.
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