In so called streamline systems, the detector capsule in not demountable. Pdf determination of xray mass attenuation coefficients. We report the results from eight detectors fabricated in six months using the homegrown crystals at usd. Detector resolution for a naitl detector, the figure of merit for detector resolution is usually expressed as the percent resolution %r for the 661. Calculation of full energy peak efficiency for hpge detector. Bsi produces gamma and xray spectrometers based on hpge coaxial or planar detectors with liquid nitrogen, peltier or stirling cycle cooling. Ptype hpge coaxial detector is also intended for detection of gamma rays in nuclear energetics and environmental control, in industry and scientific research, in medicine and other applications. A hpge detector is basically a huge cooled high voltage germanium diode with a big. In particular, gamma ray detection using hpge is a kind of analysis for which. These are known as the profile gem f and profile gem fx series respectively.
P type high purity germanium coaxial detector including preamplifier with resistive feed back and cooled fet. Four techniques are commonly employed for determining detector efficiencies. Experimental efficiency calibration of a hpge detector 100 cm 3 for a point source at 12 cm between 10 and 1500 kev linear scale energy kev 0 200 400 600 800 1200 1400 1600 1800 efficiency %. Although we had talented technicians who became very. The essence of a poptop detector system is that the hpge detector element cryostat, preamplifier, and high voltage filter are housed in a detector capsule which is then attached to an appropriate cryostat figure 2. Due to a larger diameter crystal, at 122 kev, the sseries. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and xray spectrometry, and as particle detectors. Autohpge, an autosampler for gammaray spectroscopy using high. Studying of characteristics of the hpge detector for. The high purity germanium detectors hpge complete set is composed by the following components.
Live simple, live free tinyhouse prepper recommended for you. Oct 06, 2011 here are a series of experiments involving alpha particle transmutation of light elements and detection of the resulting gamma radiation signatures. Precise efficiency calibration of an hpge detector up to 3. Includes internal backup battery, operating manual, acdc power adaptor charger, usb cable. Determination of the photopeak detection efficiency of a hpge detector, for volume sources, via monte carlo simulations by raphael wesley damon dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the master of science degree in physics at the university of the western cape july 2005 supervisors. Introduction the aim of this paper is to present the use of a high purity germanium gammaray detector hpge in an underground counting room at saclay near paris, france, along with a montecarlo simulation and analysis software suite.
Determination of detection efficiency curves of hpge. A bias voltage of 1500v is applied to the detector. T interval between the source activity reference time and the measurement time, s. Pdf the availability of germanium with less than 1010 acceptorscm3 has enabled us to fabricate and study the performance of germanium detectors of. S8530 has significantly higher absolute efficiency at all energies below 1 mev down to 10 kev. Portable hpge detector is designed for detection, accumulation and processing of gamma spectra in field and industry conditions where small dimensions and weight of spectrometer are important. Gem series coaxial hpge detector product configuration guide. Experimental efficiency calibration of a hpge detector 100 cm 3 for a point source at 12 cm between 10 and 1500 kev linear scale energy kev 0 200 400 600 800 1200 1400 1600 1800 efficiency % 0. The standard coaxial ptype detector serves for measurement of gammaradiation.
Avenues for pursuing lowerenergy threshold hpge detectors include modification of detector electrical. Full energy peak efficiency of hpge detector 283 2 00 2 2 00 sin sin i wholesolidangle d dd q d dd. This reliable robotic sample changer increases the productivity and reduces the possibility of health risks hpge systems hpge all in one. Xray generator and then the characteristic xrays are emitted and detected. The majority of gamma spectroscopy applications such as those found in counting laboratories involve the energy range 40 kev upward. The comparison between a scintillation detector and hpge detector has been discussed. Singh 1 1inter university accelerator center, new delhi. Profile hpge photon detector product configuration guide. Detection of special nuclear material with high purity. Thin contact structure of the hpge detector accompanying with input window made of beryllium or carbon fiber guarantee low energy photon transition to the hpge crystal. Determination of the photopeak detection efficiency of a hpge. A detector that is large enough such that all gammaray interactions are absorbed within the detector. The spectrometers are used for radionuclide analysis and for monitoring of activity in the nuclear industry and related environment monitoring. For the nuclear hobbyist, an hpge opens a window into a.
The second area of detector performance evaluated was the emc hpge detector s cooling capabilities and its effect on the performance of the detector. Computation of the full energy peak efficiency of an hpge detector 625 journal of engineering science and technology october 20, vol. Hpge detector, gamma spectrometry, low background, montecarlo simulation, photomultiplier tube. Profile hpge photon detector product configuration guide figure 3 reinforces the marked improvement in efficiency for the profile s detectors when measuring a filter paper onendcap. The relative efficiency of the hpge detector ptype was 10%. Resolution function of a gmx series coaxial detector system. Experimental efficiency calibration for a hpge gammaray detector. Determination of the photopeak detection efficiency of a. The methods are illustrated concretely with a new educational program named gefica germanium detector field calculator. The core product technology offered by bsi is high purity germanium hpge crystal detectors which are considered the gold standard in gamma and xray spectroscopy.
Full energy peak efficiency calibration of hpge detector by mcnp 5. Profile hpge photon detector product configuration guide figure 3 reinforces the marked improvement in efficiency for the profile s detectors when measuring a filter paper onendcap source. Design and setup of a new hpge detector based body counter. Because high purity germanium detectors hpge has relatively low band gap, these detectors must be cooled down.
In notea, 1971 a pointdetector approximation was first proposed, in this pointdetector approximation, the detector is considered to act as a point located along the detector axis at an effective distance r o. The second area of detector performance evaluated was the emc hpge detectors cooling capabilities and its effect on the performance of the detector. Linear mechanism to open and close the lids of the hpge detector. Ortec the best choice of high purity germanium hpge detector figure 1. Here are a series of experiments involving alpha particle transmutation of light elements and detection of the resulting gamma radiation signatures. To validate the crystal quality before making crystals into largesize detectors, the fabrication and characterization of small hpge detectors are required. Determination of full energy peak efficiency of hpge detector. Evaluation of cooling technologies for hpge detectors.
This detector system cools a large coaxial detector to 5060. Fabrication and characterization of highpurity germanium. And the azimuthal angle is sampled by the equation. A large hpge detector for the nondestructive radioassay of. Efficiency calibration in gamma spectrometry by using th. Autohpge is controlled using gcode the standard language for 3d printer control. For the nuclear hobbyist, an hpge opens a window into a fascinating realm of homeaccessible, lowintensity nuclear reactions that are obscured by background in other detectors lacking the superlative resolution.
So it can generate current called leakage current at room temperature. Liquid nitrogen ln 2 or electromechanical cooling system are both available. The results show that neither of the detectors was ideally capable of supporting dtras requirements. For natural samples with a very low activity it is difficult to separate the. The automated hpge spectrometer is a fully automated systems with a robotic sample changer enabling the user to measure up to 40 samples, without having to interact with the automated spectrometer. Experimental efficiency calibration for a hpge gammaray. Finally, identi cation of di erent types of interaction of gammarays with matter, energy calibration, energy resolution and photopeak e ciency calculation will be performed with hpge detector, which has been. Full energy peak efficiency calibration of hpge detector by mcnp. Introduction the aim of this paper is to present the use of a high purity. Gammaray efficiency of a hpge detector as a function of. The results show that neither of the detectors was. In notea, 1971 a pointdetector approximation was first proposed, in this pointdetector approximation, the detector is considered to act as a point located along the detector axis at an effective distance r o behind the external window several authors latter alfassi et al. Hpge detector were performed in order to determine the parameters of anisotropic. This leads to many types of hpge detectors which are suitable for different applications or special research options.
Although we had talented technicians who became very proficient at production and orren was able to keep cryostat design at a competitive level, we had no one on the staff doing device development. Diy brick rocket stove cooking without electrical power duration. Sep 16, 2011 a highpurity germanium hpge detector is the ultimate instrument for energy spectrometry of gamma radiation. A highpurity germanium hpge detector is the ultimate instrument for energy spectrometry of gamma radiation. This detector system cools a large coaxial detector to 5060 k using a powerful cooler.
Hpge detector systems can go anywhere in the field to search for and identify suspect sources, such as weaponsgrade plutonium or radiological dispersal devices. Hpge crystals can be grown at the university of south dakota usd. To overcome these limitations, an upgrade with a set of four 80% efficiency hpge detectors was planned. Gem series coaxial hpge detector product configuration guide ptype coaxial hpge detectors for high performance gamma spectroscopy in the energy range of 40 kev and up. A semiconductor detector in ionizing radiation detection physics is a device that uses a semiconductor usually silicon or germanium to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Pictured here it holds a 70mm diameter x 70mm long coaxial detector. Design and setup of a new hpge detector based body counter capable of detecting also low energy photon emitters o. Gammaray spectrometry using naitl and hpge detectors. Hpge detectors with extended energy range gcdx provide outstanding performance not only as regular coaxial detectors but also allowing to go lower in energy range down to 3 kev. The picture of the hpge detector and diagram of the experimental setup are shown in. Full energy peak efficiency calibration of hpge detector by. Germanium hpge detector detector efficiencye the detector efficiency in eq.
To connect the diode to an electrical circuit to amplify the. Stateoftheart xray detector design suggests an energy threshold as low as 0. The standard coaxial ptype detector serves for measurement of gammaradiation having energies between approx. The printed circuit boards pcb containing the cooled electronics. Imagine a detector that was much larger than the mean free path of the fast electrons that are created by a gammaray interaction in the medium of the detector from a gamma source that emits monoenergetic photons. Due to its high energy resolution and efficiency, hpge detectors are also. No particle accelerators, no vacuum environment, no dangerous and specificallylicensed. Design and setup of a new hpge detector based body. Pdf efficiency and resolution of hpge and naitl detectors. Canberra found success in geli detector manufacturing by making refinements to the basic processes that fiedler brought with him. An example of a planar hpge detector using a ptype crystal is shown in fig.
Hpge detector, including a high voltage power supply, a preampli. The purpose of an hpge detector is to convert gamma rays into electrical impulses which. The essence of a poptop detector system is that the hpge detector element cryostat, preamplifier, and high voltage filter are housed in a detector capsule which is then attached to an appropriate cryostat. Singh 1 1inter university accelerator center, new delhi 110067 2department of physics and astrophysics, universit y of delhi, new delhi 17 e mail address. The hpge detector is an dsg planar high purity germanium crystal with a diameter of 16mm, a length of 10mm, a beryllium window of 0. Determination of the photopeak detection efficiency of a hpge detector, for volume sources, via monte carlo simulations by raphael wesley damon dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements.
Highpurity germanium hpge detectors are widely used in nuclear spectroscopy e. Pdf radionuclide measurements have proven to be essential for. High purity germanium detector calibration at isolde. Gaussian energy broadening function of an hpge detector in. Dec 03, 2010 diy brick rocket stove cooking without electrical power duration. This coaxial detector is available in an energy range of 10 kev to 10 mev and offers high efficiency of radiation detection. This shielding system was manufactured in our laboratory at the ubb clujnapoca. The main advantage is the improved resolution, from 1030 kev of the phoswiches to 0. Experimental efficiency calibration for a hpge gammaray detector nks gammaspec 2017 seminar dtu nutech, roskilde, denmark 1920. The resolution of hpge detector gc2018, diameter 60. The gettering and sealing in the vacuumsystem design provide an extremely stable vacuum that should never require. Pdf autohpge, an autosampler for gammaray spectroscopy. The sourcesample and sample detector distance was set to 30 and 30 mm, respectively.
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